Diabetes Awareness Week: Understanding Diabetes and Protecting Your Vision
Diabetes Awareness Week: Understanding Diabetes and Protecting Your Vision
By Dr. Neeta Rathi, RNH Hospital
As we recognize Diabetes Awareness Week, it’s a crucial time to understand diabetes and its far-reaching impact, including complications like glaucoma that can affect vision. Diabetes affects millions worldwide, and awareness can lead to better management and prevention strategies that protect overall health and quality of life.
Diabetic Retinopathy is a serious condition that affects the eyes after long standing uncontrolled diabetes. It causes damage to the blood which becomes leaky, leading to hemorrhages and swelling on the retina. When it affects the main focus point of the eye there is a loss of vision and eventual blindness. In addition, it can cause hemorrhage in the eye cavity. It causes swelling in the eye leading to easy cataract. It affects the eye in various ways-
- Changes in eye power due to hygroscopic water accumulation in the lens.
- Early Cataract due to the same.
- Glaucoma
- Dry Eyes
Diabetic Retinopathy, one of the most common causes of blindness
Understanding Diabetes and Its Risks
Diabetes occurs when blood sugar (glucose) levels are too high, often due to insufficient insulin production or the body’s reduced ability to use insulin. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can lead to severe complications, affecting organs such as the heart, kidneys, and eyes. One lesser-known but critical risk is glaucoma, a condition that can lead to vision loss.
How Diabetes Increases the Risk of Glaucoma
Diabetes is a known risk factor for glaucoma, an eye disease characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can damage the optic nerve. Diabetic patients are twice as likely to develop glaucoma due to potential changes in blood flow, high blood sugar affecting eye vessels, and increased eye pressure. If untreated, glaucoma can gradually lead to vision impairment or blindness.
Key Precautions for Diabetic Patients
Precautions- Most important is control of blood sugar level. Normally retinopathy sets in after 10 yrs of diabetes. But levels of sugars are uncontrolled, it may set in earlier. Fluctuations in sugar levels should be avoided. 3 monthly monetary sugar levels, HBA are important.
- Regular Eye Check-ups: Early detection is essential for managing glaucoma and preventing vision loss. Diabetic patients should schedule annual comprehensive eye exams to monitor changes in eye health.
- Blood Sugar Control: Consistently high glucose levels contribute to a range of eye problems, including glaucoma. Regular blood sugar monitoring can help in taking timely measures if levels are high.
- Managing Blood Pressure: High blood pressure can exacerbate glaucoma and other diabetes-related eye issues. Keeping blood pressure within recommended levels is vital.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Regular physical activity and avoiding smoking can reduce glaucoma risk. Exercise not only helps with weight management but also promotes better blood circulation, including to the eyes.
- Food Habits: Eleminate foods that spike your blood sugars.
- Eye Checkup: 6 Monthly eye check-up is a must.
- Treatments: Advanced laser treatments are now available for severe cases of retinopathy. Always consult with an eye specialist to determine the best course of action.
Controlling Diabetes for Overall Health
Managing diabetes involves a multi-faceted approach that includes lifestyle modifications, monitoring, and medication when necessary. Here are some proven steps to control diabetes:
- Consistent Blood Sugar Monitoring: Routine glucose testing can provide insights into how different foods, activities, or medications affect blood sugar.
- Physical Activity: Regular exercise helps the body use insulin effectively, promoting better blood sugar control. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity each week.
- Medication Adherence: Following prescribed treatments or insulin doses can help prevent dangerous spikes or drops in blood sugar levels.
Recommended Food Habits for Diabetic Patients
A balanced diet is essential for managing diabetes. Here are some dietary recommendations:
- Focus on Low Glycemic Index (GI) Foods: Foods with a low GI, such as whole grains, legumes, and non-starchy vegetables, lead to gradual increases in blood sugar.
- Lean Proteins: Fish, chicken, beans, and low-fat dairy can help keep blood sugar stable and provide essential nutrients without high-calorie content.
- Fiber-Rich Foods: Fiber slows the absorption of sugars and improves blood sugar control. Include fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your daily diet.
- Healthy Fats: Opt for healthy fats found in nuts, seeds, avocados, and olive oil while avoiding trans fats and minimizing saturated fats.
- Hydration: Water is essential for every bodily function, including glucose metabolism. Avoid sugary drinks, opting instead for water or unsweetened tea.
Take Charge of Your Health
Diabetes is manageable, and many complications, including glaucoma, can be prevented or delayed with proactive care. Diabetes Awareness Week is a reminder to focus on understanding, managing, and mitigating the effects of diabetes.
At RNH Hospital, we are committed to providing comprehensive diabetes care, including preventive strategies, regular check-ups, and personalized guidance for our patients. Remember, every small change can have a positive impact on your health and quality of life.
